Култура

The first-ever encyclopedic guide "Chepino" will be released in March 2002. By the end of January, its compilers headed by the chairman of the Foundation "Civil Values" Mikhail Alexiev expect opinions, reviews and marks on the content of the book, which everyone interested can find at the Center for Business and Information in Velingrad. There you can also make a subscription for the first edition: 16 leva for a black and white edition with soft covers or 21 leva for a full-color edition with hard cover. Today we publish three articles from the guide to enable more readers to get acquainted (albeit vaguely) with the content and style of the book. The Tempo newspaper is ready to publish your reviews for the Chepino encyclopedia.

Paleontological locality c. Dorkovo - a natural landmark, declared by order 90 of 31 January 1990. of COPS. A deposit of bones (skeletons) of mammals, mainly of mastodons and hipparions, located in the land of the village. Dorkovo, Rakitovska municipality. The land from ancient times until today has been inhabited by successively changing communities of animals and plants, with each subsequent community differing from the previous one. The science that studies ancient plants and animals is paleontology. She studies the evolution of life on earth from the remains of organisms buried in the layers. It is known that after the death of animals and plants, their remains, having fallen into the aquatic environment (the marshes, lakes, rivers, seas), are quickly covered by sediments (tinya, sand) and after a time become petrified. The older the layers, the more animals and plants differ from modern ones. According to the geological history of the Western Rhodopes, which were the bottom of the sea for hundreds of millions of years, sediments 15-16 km thick were formed here, later turned into heavily altered rocks. Repeatedly, the area was torn apart by cracks torn apart by volcanoes - some of them poured their lava to the surface, and in many other cases the magma stagnated in depth. Most likely, this happened more than 600 million years ago. d. The total thickness of the sediments in the Chepinska valley is 200-260 m, formed over the course of 10 million years. - in the late Miocene and the Priocene. In 1982. during excavations in the Chepinska trough, west of the village. Dorkovo revealed many bones piled in one layer, 0.5-1 m thick. Long before that, separate bones were found by Dorkovtsi (Manol Cholev). Their chaotic location indicates that they were dragged by torrential rains and quickly swamped by sand-tiny sediments. Between the numerous bones were found jaws, various teeth and bones of two types of mastodons, as well as many remains of mastodons skeletons - jaws, various molar teeth, pieces of skulls, ribs, tusks, gazelle horn, a piece of lower left jaw of the long-toothed tiger mahaierodus, parts of a jaw of a young individual from the ancient con hipparion (in southern France has a locality of 100 adult bones), where many are buried. Perhaps the death of these animals was not simultaneous, but their locality was formed in a short time, most likely at the beginning of the Pliocene era. The Bones of P.E. are mainly from mastodons and from hipparions. Mastodonts are the ancient ancestors of proboscis mammals, incl. of modern elephants. The first representatives were as large as a pig, with slightly elongated and downward-facing upper teeth. From them comes the paloemastodont - larger and with an outlined proboscis. Later, larger, stronger animals appeared up to 3 m high, with a massive skull, jaws, with different broad teeth, strongly protruding forwards (trilophodons, tetrabelladons, zygolofodons, acannus), and in the Miocene era, dinoteriums that had giant stature (up to 4.5 m) were separated from mastodons. The deposit of skeletons of mastodons, hipparions, etc. mammals in the Chepino trough is interesting for science and for Chepino. Such deposits from younger centuries of geological time are known and many deposits in Plovdiv, Burgas, Sofia, Pleven, etc. (Tsvetko Kanchev) Lepenitsa, cave - one of the 17 cave sites in Bulgaria. It is located on the left side of the river. Lepenica, 13 km southwest of Velingrad. 1356 m of L were studied and mapped. There are 2 floors, in recent years a third floor (part) has been opened. The first floor is water - that's where the river flows. In the middle floor (with a length of ca. 400 m) there are 4 lakes in rainy weather and 2 lakes in dry weather. The third floor is quite dry. About 500 m further L. is a virgin. To this extent many of the rock formations are broken, the walls smoky. Due to its difficulty traversability further (with the narrow opening and lakes) L. it's been tampered with. The water droplets of the great artist of underground beauty have sculpted fantastic stalactites and stalagmites with wondrous shapes resembling animals, gentle draperies, umbrellas, forests, cannons and much more. And all this is looked at in the water mirrors of the subterranean lakes. As in all caves, there are bats here. In L. There is a so-called "cave pearls" (0.1-3 mm in size), one of the rare treasures of the underworld. And cave craters are found only here in Bulgaria and in another cave in France. In L. there are scythes and sintered inundations along the stream, in places full of pearls. Some of the formations are covered with a thin net ("leopard's skin") of earthworms. The individual details are unique mainly that they are not found in our other caves - porcelain pearls (located in whole calcareous bowls), helictites - hidden in secret places, pendants with fountains, stalactites at an angle. The crater chamber is unique. The entrance of L. is a 50 m tunnel with a height of 1 m, in which a constant water flows with a temperature of 8 degrees Celsius. Before 1925 L. not visited. According to Manol Cholev (visited L. with two Germans) before it for the first time included dentists Georgi and Milush Popovi. Later members of the Rakitovo cave society (founded on July 27, 1930) opened a dry entrance to visit L. They place an iron door at the entrance, a person is assigned to meet and serve the visitors, for whom carbite lamps are provided. First pictures and mapping done by the mining engineer. Pavel Petrov. L. was studied and mapped by prof. Peter Tranteev and together with Eng. Radush Radushev prepared a project (1963) for the development and electrification of L.; a power line and a power plant were built. Part of its water is allocated for water supply of Velingrad and therefore today free and organized access to it is prohibited. 3 km away is Dry Hole Cave, 109 m long, which gives way to it in beauty. (Nikola Deliev) Church of St. George, kv. Chepino, Velingrad. Village of Banya (sq. Chepino) after the mass forced conversion in 1666, became the largest purely Mohammedan village, administrative, spiritual and commercial center of the suburb. From this village were also the administrative governors - Bulgaromoamedani. It was also an Islamic spiritual retreat. Besides a mosque, it also had a mechit (paraklis) and medrese (school) founded by some Abdullah effenti and lasted until 1885. As a pale memory of Christian times remained the names of some localities such as St. Elijah, St. Nedelya, St. Spas, Holy Trinity, etc. There were probably churchhouses or chapels there. After the Liberation, Christians began settling in the place of the Bulgarian Muslims who had fled. Even earlier (1876) Nikola Grancharov from the Razlog village of Guliena banya, discovered a pottery workshop, but was in an apartment with the village. (present-day) Lying priest Georgi Baev. He also began to serve Christians in the village. Bath, and a separate parish was formed from the two villages. Priest Baev began campaigning among the bathing Christians to build a church. The most prominent supporter of this idea became F. Glaveev, teacher, studied at the Thessaloniki Bulgarian High School, cultural figure. The initiative was launched by N. Grancharov, B. Partheniev, G. Velev and others. Mayor Yusein Tumbev and most municipal councilors Bulgarian-Mohammedans supported the initiative and promised assistance. Thus the decision to build the church was made. The site for the church's construction was donated by the family. Glaveevs. In recognition of his popular activity - teacher, public figure and patriot, F. Glaveev was buried (1933) in the churchyard. Most of the necessary building materials for the church were obtained and transported free of charge by the population. The construction started (1894), the master was Ivan Kalinkov from the village. Skrebno and his son-in-law Apostle. Volunteers also helped. The construction was sluggish due to lack of funds. In 1898 the church was completed, but only covered and plastered, with a wooden iconostasis without thread, there was no bell tower. She was given the name "St. George4" and worship began to take place in her. The church was consecrated (September 12, 1899) with the worship of the Bigalnitsky Bishop Antim, vicar of the Metropolitan of Plovdiv Nathaniel. After that, each subsequent priest did some finishing work. S. Bath became (1900) as a separate parish, priest became Atanas Pramatarov, moved from the village. Eleshnica, Razlog, then located on Turkish territory. There he became a member and activist of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. This did not remain hidden - chased by Turkish police fled to free Bulgaria. As a priest in the village. Bath, along with official care for the Christian congregation, also worked for the cultural and economic rise of the population - Christians and Mohammedans. He was one of the initiators and founders of the local credit cooperative Probuda (1905), with first chairman F. Glaveev. He served until 1922. According to statistics, in 1910 c. Banya had 2350 Bulgarian-Mohammedans, 1276 Bulgarian-Christians, 142 Kutsovlas, 164 Gypsies. According to such data for 1926 the Bulgarian-Mohammedans amounted to 975 e., the Bulgarian-Christians to 2221, the Kutsovlas to 102 and the Gypsies to 153. As Christians grew, so did the church's revenue. The donations increased, which made it possible to build a bell tower. A plaque is also placed on the Holy Trinity shrine. This happened to the next priest Stoyan Popnikolov, known by the nickname "Birfas". He did not possess the necessary good behavior of a clergyman - a benevolence and piety, did not observe the church canons. He performed matrimonials without vuli. Therefore, a special spiritual court took away his priesthood (1932). At the initiative of priest Dimitar Mishev (since 1933) the church was painted for 9 years (1939-1948) by Hristo Popov, a migrant from Macedonia to Sofia and by Petar Jamdzhiev from Plovdiv, for the most part with funds from donations. For 2 years. (1961-62) carved iconostasis are made by the carver Ivan Kosev from the village. Ganchevtsi, Trevnensko, also an archbishop's throne. The bell tower is covered with galvanized sheet metal. The church building is lined with marble slabs. And the priest worked alongside the masters. Thus, even before his retirement (1965), the church took on the appearance of an arranged temple of God, as the prevailing Christian population of the village deserved. (present-day) Chepino. The Church of St. Georgi” is a monument of culture. (Atanas Donchev)